#ARINA AHMED FULL#
In apparent contrast, increasing preclinical evidence from our group and others indicates that IR can also potentiate immune responses to tumors, and T cells are in many cases required for IR to exert its full antitumor effect (reviewed in refs. Therefore, exposure to IR has been commonly considered as highly immunosuppressive 13. As a consequence, whole-body irradiation (WBI) results in a marked reduction in primary immune responses to antigen 5. CD4 + regulatory T cells, antigen-experienced, and memory T cells have been all shown to be more radioresistant than naïve T cells 7, 8, 9, 10, and circulating CD8 + T cells have been defined by some studies as the most radiosensitive population 11, 12. Not all T cell subsets are equally radiosensitive, e.g. Ionizing radiation (IR) induces interphase death 5 via p53-dependent apoptosis in TCRα/β + lymphocytes 6 following DNA damage. Nuclear degeneration is the earliest visible change and takes place between 1 and 6 h after irradiation of lymphocytes 1, 3, 4. Lymphocytes have long been considered the most radiosensitive cells in the mammalian body 1, based on seminal studies from the 1930 to 1950s, which estimated the dose required to kill 50% of the cells as 150 cGy for lymph node lymphocytes, compared with 10 3–10 5 cGy for other non-mitotic cells 1, 2. These findings have implications for the design of radio-immunotherapy trials in that local irradiation is not inherently immunosuppressive, and irradiation of multiple tumors might optimize systemic effects of radiotherapy. TGFβ is a key upstream regulator of T cell reprogramming and contributes to intratumoral Tcell radio-resistance. Transcriptomic analysis suggests T cell reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment and similarities with tissue-resident memory T cells, which are more radio-resistant than circulating/lymphoid tissue T cells. Irradiated intratumoral T cells can mediate tumor control without newly-infiltrating T cells. Here, based on longitudinal in vivo imaging and functional analysis, we report that a large proportion of T cells survive clinically relevant doses of radiation and show increased motility, and higher production of interferon gamma, compared with T cells from unirradiated tumors. Recently a candidate for a 2019 Best Support Actress nomination from the Australian Academy of Television Arts for "Juvenile Delinquents" (as Molly).Successful combinations of radiotherapy and immunotherapy depend on the presence of live T cells within the tumor however, radiotherapy is believed to damage T cells. Studying with Giles Foreman of the Giles Foreman Centre for Acting, London/NY. Recognized for playing a wide range of unconventional female characters and bringing authenticity to each role.
#ARINA AHMED PROFESSIONAL#
Trained professional actor specializing in indie film productions. Hollywood International Moving Pictures Festival * VR Horror Short, Sundance Film Festival, 2018Ĭandidate for Best Supporting Actress nomination, AACTA, "Juvenile Delinquents" Matthew PucciniĪ Cure For Silence, 2017 Dying Patient Dir. Lisandra CarvalhoīIRDS!, 2019 Ramona Dir. The Many Saints of Newark, 2020 Moviegoer Dir. Personal Collection, 2019 Angry Neighbor Dir. The Melville Asylum, 2019 The Director Dir. Juvenile Delinquents, 2020 (US) Molly Dir. In late 2016 I returned to performing and was cast in leading/supporting roles in numerous indie productions, including award-winning films playing at Cannes, London, Berlin and throughout festivals in the US in 2019, with more premieres upcoming. I spent years doing classic theater upon graduating from the American Academy of Dramatic Arts, but put acting aside and had a decades long career in NYC museums.